About the book: 2011 / The book is a study of some philosophical and epistemological problems of cosmology. The philosophical positions of the classics of cosmology of the 20th century (A.A. Friedman and others), as well as a number of outstanding modern cosmologists, are analyzed. Cosmology is not at all one of the “ironic sciences” that it is sometimes portrayed as. Physical reality in cosmology manifests itself as a recording, expressed in the language of science, of the results of the interaction of the observer with the object under study (carried out through the means and conditions of cognition). The meaning of this concept in the context of this type of scientific rationality is revealed by true theory. It is shown that cosmology, in fact, is moving from traditional research methods to non-traditional ones, that is, changes are being made in its foundations, imposed by new types of objects under study. The need for a radical change in the meaning of traditional concepts in cosmology, such as space, time, and infinity, is noted. The conditions and limits of their applicability within the framework of new cosmological theories are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to new fundamental concepts that have appeared in cosmology in recent years: the Multiverse (Metaverse), cosmological vacuum, dark matter, dark energy, accelerated expansion of the Universe, etc. There is a discussion between the authors of the book on some problems that are at the forefront of modern cosmology . An attempt has been made to show the heuristic role of philosophy in understanding these problems. The book is intended for philosophers, cosmologists and anyone interested in the philosophical problems of modern science.