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  • MediaDB / «History of Local Orthodox Churches" Konstantin Skurat: download fb2, read online

    About the book: year / A few explanatory words about the structure of this textbook. It consists of 10 chapters, each of which is devoted to revealing the history of a separate Local Autocephalous Orthodox Church. The order of the Churches corresponds to the existing diptych in the Russian Orthodox Church. Here the question may immediately arise: in what order should all the Local Orthodox Churches be listed in the lists of these Churches ? The most natural order is chronological, that is, the distribution of Churches according to the time of their founding. This order is convenient for the emergence of new Local Churches: the new Church is placed at the end of the list. Indeed, in the oldest monument of Christian writing - “The Apostolic Constitutions” (Book VII, §46. Kazan, 1864, pp. 243-244) a chronological order is used: the Jerusalem Church is placed in first place, and the Roman Church in fifth. But the fathers of the Sixth Ecumenical Council used a different principle - the political significance of the cathedral cities of one or another Local Church, therefore they placed the ancient Church of Jerusalem in fifth place. “We determine, they declared, that the throne of Constantinople should have equal advantages with the throne of Ancient Rome, and, like this, let it be exalted in church affairs, being the second pone; after this, let the throne of the great city of Alexandria be listed, then the throne of Antioch, and after this the throne of the city of Jerusalem” (canon 36; cf. canon 3 of the Second Ecumenical Council). From this we can conclude that the existing lists of Local Churches do not have dogmatic foundations. They do not mean any advantages of the power of one Church over another. All Autocephalous Local Orthodox Churches are equal in rights, as is quite clearly evidenced by the 39th rule of the Sixth Ecumenical Council, which equates two Churches that were different in position at that time - Cyprus and Constantinople. “Yes,” says the mentioned rule, “New Iustianople (the new see of the Primate of Cyprus after his forced relocation with his flock to the Hellespont. - K.S.) has the rights of Constantinople.” The distribution of Churches according to the list has only practical significance, for example, when determining places during the joint performance of divine services by representatives of different Churches, during a meeting of the Council, etc. It should be noted that the first five according to the diptych of the Local Autocephalous Orthodox Churches are Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch , Jerusalem and Russian are not considered here. This is explained by the fact that the history of these Churches - Patriarchates is studied separately according to the program of theological schools. Each chapter of the textbook is structured as follows: the history of a given Church is revealed, existing dioceses are listed and a list of Primates of the Church since its inception is given. At the end of the chapter there is a list of literature that was published in Russian and in the language of this Church. Regarding the bibliography, it should be noted that the author tried not to cite the same works several times, although they often contain material on many Churches. Usually they are given in the list of literature about the Church, which is discussed in the textbook in the previous chapters. The current state of individual Local Orthodox Churches (mainly the position of the Church in the state) is shown at the end of the eighties or the beginning of the nineties of the current century. The material presented in the work , basically new, like the Churches under consideration, which relate primarily to phenomena of recent history. The purpose of this work is to, at least to a small extent, fill the gap existing in our Russian church literature on the history of the Local Orthodox Churches, especially in recent times. The enormity of the volume of this work often led the author to shorten the presentation and generalize the material. Realizing that perhaps not everything was possible to do, taking into account the peculiarities of the topic and rapidly changing modern conditions, the author asks.