About the book: 2007 / Readers are invited to reprint a rare book compiled by the famous Dagestan historian H.-M. Khashaev and published in 1965 by the Nauka publishing house under the auspices of the Dagfilial of the USSR Academy of Sciences. This collection included archival materials that represent an invaluable monument to the social, socio-economic life, spiritual and ethical culture of the peoples of Dagestan in the 17th–19th centuries. and enshrined customary law in the form of adats of rural communities, “free” societies. The published materials help to understand the nature of the Dagestan tukhum, the rural community, give an idea of ​​​​the legislation of some Dagestan rulers. At the present time, when people’s interest in their history, the sources of their spirituality and traditions, developed by the spiritual potential of the people, norms, foundations of living together, respectful good neighborliness, mutual understanding, respect for the experience and wisdom of elders, this book will encourage you to reconsider many views on our past and take from it those enduring moments that have not lost their significance today.